Time-Restricted Eating and Bone Health: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis.

Time-restricted eating (TRE) has emerged as a dietary strategy that restricts food consumption to a specific time window and is commonly applied to facilitate weight loss. The benefits of TRE on adipose tissue have been evidenced in human trials and animal models; however, its impact on bone tissue remains unclear. To systematically synthesize and examine the evidence on the impact of TRE on bone health (bone mineral content (BMC), bone mineral density (BMD), and bone turnover factors), PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Web of Science databases were systematically explored from inception to 1 October 2023 searching for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) aimed at determining the effects of TRE on bone health in adults (≥18 years). The Cochrane Handbook and the PRISMA recommendations were followed. A total of seven RCTs involving 313 participants (19 to 68 years) were included, with an average length of 10.5 weeks (range: 4 to 24 weeks). Despite the significant weight loss reported in five out of seven studies when compared to the control, our meta-analysis showed no significant difference in BMD (g/cm2) between groups (MD = -0.009, 95% CI: -0.026 to 0.009, p = 0.328; I2 = 0%). BMC and bone turnover markers between TRE interventions and control conditions were not meta-analyzed because of scarcity of studies (less than five). Despite its short-term benefits on cardiometabolic health, TRE did not show detrimental effects on bone health outcomes compared to those in the control group. Nevertheless, caution should be taken when interpreting our results due to the scarcity of RCTs adequately powered to assess changes in bone outcomes.

Exploring the Influence of Insulin Resistance on Arterial Stiffness in Healthy Adults: From the Metabolic and Cardiovascular Health Insights of the EVasCu Study.

Previous evidence associates insulin resistance with arterial stiffness in various pathologies, yet limited reports exist in healthy adults. Therefore, this study aims to estimate the association between insulin resistance and arterial stiffness in healthy adults. The cross-sectional EVasCu study enrolled 390 participants (42.05 ± 13.15 years). ANCOVAs, unadjusted (model 1) and adjusted (model 2), explored the association between arterial stiffness markers (aortic Pulse Wave Velocity [aPWV], Augmentation Index [AIx@75] and Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index [CAVI]), and insulin resistance markers (Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance [HOMA-IR], Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index [QUICKI] and Triglycerides-Glucose [TyG]). In model 1, all insulin resistance markers were associated with aPWV, HOMA-IR and QUICKI were associated with AIx@75, and the TyG index was associated with CAVI. In model 2, HOMA-IR and QUICKI increased aPWV by 0.179 and 0.156 m/s (p = 0.001 and p = 0.011), and AIx@75 by 4.17 and 5.39% (p = 0.009 and p = 0.003). The EVasCu study offers valuable insights into the relationship between insulin resistance and arterial stiffness in healthy adults, providing a deeper understanding of metabolic and cardiovascular health. By examining this influence, we embark on an intriguing exploration of how these factors interplay in the human body.

Sex Differences in Effects of Exercise on Physical Function in Aging: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis.

PURPOSE: Our objective was to synthesize and determine whether there are sex differences in physical function following exercise interventions in older adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic search was conducted in four databases from inception to July 8th, 2023 searching for prospective trials that conducted exercise interventions in older adults and results for physical function were reported by sex. Pooled standardized mean differences (SMDs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using a randomeffects method. The Sidik-Jonkman estimator was used to calculate the variance of heterogeneity (I²). RESULTS: A total of 19 studies involving 20,133 older adults (mean age ≥60 years, 33.7% female) were included. After exercise interventions, males reported significantly greater pre-post changes compared to females for upper body strength (SMD=-0.40, 95% CI: -0.71 to -0.09; I²=75.6%; n=8), lower body strength (SMD=-0.32, 95% CI: -0.55 to -0.10; I²=52.0%; n=11), and cardiorespiratory fitness (SMD=-0.29, 95% CI: -0.48 to -0.10; I²=89.1%; n=12). Conversely, the pooled SMDs showed a significant effect favoring females for motor fitness (SMD=0.21, 95% CI: 0.03 to 0.39; I²=0%; n=7). Limited and inconsistent results were observed for flexibility. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests the existence of sex-related differences on physical function after an exercise intervention in the older population.

The impact of the Mediterranean diet on alleviating depressive symptoms in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

CONTEXT: High adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) has been associated with a reduced risk of depression in prospective cohort studies, but whether MD interventions are effective among adults with depression is uncertain. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to synthesize findings on the effects of MD interventions on the severity of depressive symptoms in adults with depression. DATA SOURCES: PubMed, Cochrane CENTRAL, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Web of Science were systematically searched from database inception to March 2023. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses guidelines and the Cochrane recommendations were followed. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing outcomes after MD interventions with outcomes for control conditions in adults with depressive disorders or depressive symptoms. DATA EXTRACTION: Two authors extracted the data independently. The Sidik-Jonkman estimator, the I2 metric, and the prediction interval were used to estimate between-study heterogeneity. To determine the risk of bias and the certainty of evidence from RCTs, we used the Cochrane Collaboration's Risk of Bias 2 and Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation tools, respectively. DATA ANALYSIS: In total, 1507 participants (mean age range: 22.0 years-53.3 years) with depression were initially included in the 5 RCTs of this review. Compared with control conditions, MD interventions significantly reduced depressive symptoms among young and middle-aged adults with major depression or mild to moderate depressive symptoms (standardized mean difference: -0.53; 95% confidence interval: -0.90 to -0.16; I2 = 87.1%). The prediction interval ranged from -1.86 to 0.81. The overall risk of bias was within the range of "some concerns" to "high," while the certainty of evidence was low. CONCLUSION: MD interventions appear to have substantial potential for alleviating depressive symptoms in people experiencing major or mild depression. However, to establish robust recommendations, there remains a need for high-quality, large-scale, and long-term RCTs. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO registration no. CRD42022341895.

Comparative Effect of Two Types of Physical Exercise for the Improvement of Exercise Capacity, Diastolic Function, Endothelial Function and Arterial Stiffness in Participants with Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction (ExIC-FEp Study): Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.

(1) Background: Heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) accounts for approximately 50% of all patients with HF. In the absence of pharmacological treatments that have been successful in reducing mortality or morbidity in this pathology, physical exercise is recognized as an important adjunct in the treatment of HF. Therefore, the objective of this study is to compare the efficacy of combined training and high intensity interval training (HIIT) on exercise capacity, diastolic function, endothelial function, and arterial stiffness in participants with HFpEF. (2) Methods: The ExIC-FEp study will be a single-blind, 3-arm, randomized clinical trial (RCT) conducted at the Health and Social Research Center of the University of Castilla-La Mancha. Participants with HFpEF will be randomly assigned (1:1:1) to the combined exercise, HIIT or control group to evaluate the efficacy of physical exercise programs on exercise capacity, diastolic function, endothelial function, and arterial stiffness. All participants will be examined at baseline, at three months and at six months. (3) Results: The findings of this study will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. (4) Conclusions: This RCT will represent a significant advance in the available scientific evidence on the efficacy of physical exercise in the treatment of HFpEF.

High Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet is Associated with Higher Physical Fitness in Adults: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Although prior research has synthesized the relationships between the Mediterranean diet (MD) and components of physical fitness (PF) in adults, they are limited and inconclusive. This study aimed to synthesize the associations between high (compared with low) MD adherence and PF levels with each of its components (cardiorespiratory, motor, and musculoskeletal) in adulthood. We conducted a systematic search in 5 databases from inception to January 2022. Observational studies and randomized controlled trials were included. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and effect sizes (Cohen d index) with their 95% CIs were calculated via a random effects model. A total of 30 studies were included (19 cross-sectional in young, middle-aged, and older adults; 10 prospective cohort in older adults; and 1 randomized controlled trial in young adults) involving 36,807 individuals (mean age range: 20.9-86.3 y). Pooled effect sizes showed a significant cross-sectional association between higher MD adherence scores (as a continuous variable) and overall PF (d = 0.45; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.75; I2 = 91.0%, n = 6). The pooled ORs from cross-sectional data showed that high adherence to MD was associated with higher cardiorespiratory fitness (OR: 2.26; 95% CI: 2.06, 2.47; I2 = 0%, n = 4), musculoskeletal fitness (OR: 1.26; 95% CI: 1.05, 1.47; I2 = 61.4%, n = 13), and overall PF (OR: 1.44; 95% CI: 1.20, 1.68; I2 = 83.2%, n = 17) than low adherence to MD (reference category: 1). Pooled ORs from prospective cohort studies (3- to 12-y follow-up) showed that high adherence to MD was associated with higher musculoskeletal fitness (OR: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.38; I2 = 0%, n = 4) and overall PF (OR: 1.14; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.26; I2 = 9.7%, n = 7) than low adherence to MD (reference category: 1). Conversely, no significant association was observed between MD and motor fitness. High adherence to MD was associated with higher PF levels, a crucial marker of health status throughout adulthood. This trial was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42022308259.

Physical activity-related indicators in children and adolescents in Uruguay: A scoping review based on the Global Matrix initiative.

Background: The first Uruguay's Report Card in 2018 based on the Global Matrix initiative showed the lack of information on physical activity in children and adolescents. This study mapped and examined the available evidence on physical activity-related indicators based on Uruguay's 2022 Report Card. Methods: The scoping review was reported using the Joanna Briggs Institute and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines. A comprehensive literature search was performed for the period between 2018 and 2021, including electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, LILACS, Scielo, and Latindex), gray literature (Google Scholar, open access thesis, relevant websites of State-agencies and International Organizations), national and regional relevant journals, and reference lists of key texts. Two researchers independently conducted both the selection and data-charting process. Data items from each paper were charted based on the Population, Concept, and Context elements reflected in the objective of the review. A narrative synthesis and network plots were conducted to summarize the evidence. Results: A total of 20 papers were included in this review, consisting of four peer-reviewed scientific papers, three bachelor's theses, four official documents of State-agencies, four Government reports, of which three included national surveys, and five laws. Strengths, weaknesses, and knowledge gaps were identified from the available evidence. We synthesized main challenges such as publishing scientific studies, establishing cross-national and cross-sectoral collaborations in research projects, generating high-quality data, reporting information on social inequality indicators that influence equitable distribution, or increasing access to public information. Our results support early emerging and growth research on this topic. However, despite existing papers on physical activity-related indicators in Uruguayan youths, the lack of high-quality evidence remains clear. Conclusion: The findings of this scoping review provide the best available evidence for identifying and overcoming the challenges of physical activity-related indicators research in Uruguay. The methodological framework used could be useful for countries involved in future editions of the Global Matrix initiative. Systematic review registration: Open Science Framework, https://osf.io/hstbd/.

The associations between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and physical fitness in young, middle-aged, and older adults: A protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis.

INTRODUCTION: A healthy diet and high health-related physical fitness levels may be part of an overall healthy lifestyle. The relationship between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and physical fitness levels has been analyzed in several studies. However, no studies have synthesized evidence on this relationship throughout adulthood. Moreover, in addition to the overall Mediterranean dietary pattern, the associations of individual components of the Mediterranean diet with physical fitness indicators are also unclear. METHODS: This protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis for Protocols statement and the Cochrane Collaboration Handbook. Systematic literature searches will be performed in the MEDLINE (PubMed), Scopus, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus and Cochrane CENTRAL databases to identify studies published up to 31 January 2022. The inclusion criteria will comprise observational studies and randomized controlled trials reporting the associations between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and physical fitness levels on general healthy or unhealthy adults (≥18 years). When at least five studies addressing the same outcome are available, meta-analysis will be carried out to estimate the standardized mean difference of physical fitness according to the adherence to Mediterranean diet. Subgroup analyses will be performed according to the characteristics of the population, the individual dietary components of the Mediterranean diet and physical fitness parameters as long as there are sufficient studies. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This systematic review and meta-analysis protocol is designed for updating evidence on the associations between adherence to overall Mediterranean diet (and specific Mediterranean foods) and physical fitness levels in young, middle-aged, and older adults. Findings from this review may have implications for public health. The results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publication, conference presentation, and infographics. No ethical approval will be required since only published data will be used. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42022308259.

Entrenamiento muscular inspiratorio en pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca: una revisión de revisiones / Inspiratory muscle training in patients with heart failure: a review of reviews

RESUMEN: El objetivo de esta revisión fue conocer la influencia del entrenamiento muscular inspiratorio (EMI) sobre la capacidad aeróbica y la fuerza muscular inspiratoria (FMI) en pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca (IC). Realizamos una revisión de revisiones sistemáticas en PubMed y Web of Science hasta agosto de 2019. Se identificaron un total de 2053 artículos, de los cuales 4 se seleccionaron para esta revisión. Se utilizó la herramienta 'Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews 2' (AMSTAR-2) para evaluar la calidad de los estudios. En los estudios incluidos se examinaron un total de 10 intervenciones diferentes con 250 pacientes (rango edad media= 53-76 años). Todos los estudios presentaron nivel de confianza alto (AMSTAR-2). El EMI presentó mejoras significativas sobre la capacidad aeróbica (test de la marcha de 6 minutos: 46.66-71.04 metros; p<0.05 y VO2pico: 2.59-2.65 mL/kg-1/min-1; p<0.01) y la FMI (presión inspiratoria máxima: 16.57-23.36 cmH2O, p<0.05) en comparación al grupo control. Programas de intervención de EMI con una duración de 12 semanas reportaron mayores mejorías sobre la capacidad aeróbica y la FMI en comparación a programas de intervención de menor duración. El EMI es un tratamiento importante y necesario en la rehabilitación cardíaca de pacientes con IC. Son necesarios más estudios que analicen los efectos de diferentes rangos en las características del EMI.

ABSTRACT: The aim of this review was to understand the influence of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) on aerobic capacity and inspiratory muscle strength (IMS) in patients with heart failure (HF). We conducted a review of systematic reviews in PubMed and Web of Science up to August 2019. A total of 2053 articles were identified, of which 4 were selected for this review. The 'Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews 2' (AMSTAR-2) tool was used to assess the quality of the studies. In the included studies, a total of 10 different interventions with 250 patients (mean age range = 53-76 years) were examined. All the studies presented high confidence level (AMSTAR-2). IMT showed significant improvements in aerobic capacity (6-minute walk test: 46.66-71.04 meters; p<0.05 and VO2peak: 2.59-2.65 mL/kg-1/min-1; p<0.01) and IMS (maximal inspiratory pressure: 16.57-23.36 cmH2O, p<0.05) in this population compared to the control group and IMF in this population. IMT intervention programs lasting 12 weeks reported greater improvements in aerobic capacity and IMS compared to shorter intervention programs. IMT is an important and necessary treatment in cardiac rehabilitation of patients with HF. More studies are needed to analyze the effects of different ranges of the IMT characteristics.

Programas de ejercicio físico en pacientes con enfermedad de las arterias coronarias y/o infarto de miocardio: Una revisión de revisiones sistemáticas / Physical Exercise Programs in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease and/or Myocardial Infarction: A Review of Systematic Reviews

RESUMEN El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer la influencia de programas de ejercicio físico y sus características de prescripción (frecuencia, intensidad, tipo y tiempo) sobre variables de la rehabilitación cardíaca en pacientes con enfermedad coronaria y/o infarto de miocardio. Realizamos una revisión de revisiones sistemáticas y metaanálisis en PubMed y Web of Science, con artículos publicados hasta el 1 de febrero de 2020. Se identificaron un total de 3902 artículos, de los cuales se seleccionaron 19. Se utilizó 'A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews 2' para evaluar la calidad de los estudios incluidos. Dieciséis estudios poseían una calidad moderada-alta. Programas de ejercicio físico (i.e. entrenamiento de fuerza, entrenamiento por intervalos de alta intensidad, entrenamiento continuo de moderada intensidad y taichí) resultaron beneficiosos en la rehabilitación cardíaca de pacientes con enfermedad de las arterias coronarias y/o infarto de miocardio. Además, se encontró evidencia sobre los mejores rangos de las características de prescripción del entrenamiento para dos programas de ejercicio físico.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to determine the influence of exercise programs and how they are prescribed (frequency, intensity, type and time) on the variables of cardiac rehabilitation in patients with coronary artery disease or myocardial infarction. We conducted a review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses through a search in PubMed y Web of Science of the articles published until February 1, 2020. Of 3902 articles identified, 19 were selected. The quality of the studies included was evaluated with A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews 2. The quality of the studies was moderate-high. Exercise programs (strength training, high-intensity interval training, moderate intensity continuous training and Tai Chi) were beneficial for cardiac rehabilitation of patients with coronary artery disease or myocardial infarction. We present evidence of the best way of prescribing two exercise training programs.

Efectos del entrenamiento aeróbico y de fuerza combinados vs entrenamiento aeróbico sobre capacidad aeróbica y fuerza muscular en pacientes con enfermedad de las arterias coronarias / Effects of combined aerobic and strength training vs aerobic training on aerobic capacity and muscular strength in patients with coronary artery disease

El objetivo de esta revisión fue comparar la influencia del entrenamiento aeróbico y de fuerza combinados (EAFC) con el entrenamiento aeróbico (EA) sobre capacidad aeróbica, fuerza muscular y otras variables relevantes en la rehabilitación cardíaca (RC) de pacientes con enfermedad de las arterias coronaria (EAC). Realizamos una revisión de revisiones sistemáticas y meta análisis en PubMed hasta el 27 de abril de 2019. Se identificaron un total de 30 artículos y se seleccionaron finalmente 3 estudios para esta revisión. La calidad general de los estudios incluidos fue moderada (AMSTAR-2). El EAFC presentó mayores mejorías en comparación al EA sobre capacidad aeróbica, composición corporal y fuerza muscular en pacientes adultos (rango de edad media: 45-73 años) con EAC. Esta revisión agrega evidencia adicional que el EAFC presenta mejoras clínicamente significativas sobre capacidad aeróbica y fuerza muscular en comparación al EA. Son necesarios más estudios que permitan establecer conclusiones consistentes de los efectos del EAFC en comparación al EA sobre calidad de vida. Además, son necesarios más estudios que analicen diferentes protocolos del EAFC y que permitan establecer su prescripción más eficiente en la RC de esta población.

The objective of this review was to compare the influence of combined aerobic and strength training (EAFC) with aerobic training (EA) on aerobic capacity, muscle strength and other relevant variables in cardiac rehabilitation (RC) of patients with coronary artery disease (EAC). We conducted a review of systematic reviews and meta-analyzes in PubMed up to 27 April 2019. A total of 30 articles were identified and 3 studies were finally selected for this review. The overall quality of the included studies was moderate (AMSTAR-2). EAFC showed greater improvements compared to EA on aerobic capacity, body composition and muscle strength in adult patients (mean age range: 45-73 years) with EAC. This review adds additional evidence that EAFC presents clinically significant improvements in aerobic capacity and muscular strength compared to EA. More studies are needed to establish consistent conclusions about the effects of EAFC compared to EA on quality of life. In addition, more studies are needed to analyze different protocols of the EAFC and to establish their most efficient prescription in CR of this population.

Efectos del entrenamiento de fuerza sobre variables de rehabilitación cardíaca en pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca / Effects of resistance training on outcomes of cardiac rehabilitation in patients with heart failure

Introducción. Personas con insuficiencia cardíaca (IC) encuentran afectadas su calidad de vida, capacidad funcional y función cardíaca. Objetivo. Comparar la influencia del entrenamiento de fuerza (EF) versus un grupo control (GC) respecto de variables de la rehabilitación cardíaca (RC) en pacientes con IC. Método. Se llevó a cabo una revisión de meta-análisis y revisiones sistemáticas en PubMed y Web of Science hasta marzo de 2020. Se identificaron un total de 545 artículos, entre los cuales se seleccionaron cinco para esta revisión. Se utilizó la herramienta 'Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews 2' (AMSTAR-2) para evaluar la calidad metodológica de los estudios. Resultados. En los estudios incluidos se identificaron un total de 13 intervenciones diferentes con 329 pacientes (rango de edad media = 48-77 años) con IC y fracción de eyección del ventrículo izquierdo reducida. Un estudio presentó nivel de confianza alto y cuatro estudios presentaron nivel de confianza moderado (AMSTAR-2). El EF indujo mejoras significativas en la calidad de vida, la capacidad aeróbica, la frecuencia cardíaca pico y la fuerza muscular en comparación al GC. No se encontraron diferencias significativas en la fracción de eyección del ventrículo izquierdo ni en el volumen diastólico final ventricular izquierdo. Conclusiones. El EF es una intervención de ejercicio adecuada y necesaria en la RC de pacientes con IC. Son necesarios estudios que analicen los efectos del EF según características del entrenamiento, edad, severidad de la IC y tratamiento farmacológico.

Introduction. People with heart failure (HF) find their quality of life, functional capacity and cardiac function affected. Objective. To compare the influence of strength training (ST) versus a control group (CG) on cardiac rehabilitation (CR) variables in patients with HF. Method. A review of meta-analyses and systematic reviews was conducted in PubMed and Web of Science up to March 2020. A total of 545 articles were identified, from which five were selected for this review. The Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR-2) tool was used to assess the methodological quality of the studies. Results. A total of 13 different interventions with 329 patients (mean age range = 48-77 years) with HF and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction were identified in the included studies. One study had a high confidence level and 4 studies had a moderate confidence level (AMSTAR-2). EF induced significant improvements in quality of life, aerobic capacity, peak heart rate, and muscle strength compared to CG. No significant differences were found in left ventricular ejection fraction or left ventricular end-diastolic volume. Conclusions. EF is an appropriate and necessary exercise intervention in CR in patients with HF. Studies are needed to analyze the effects of EF according to training characteristics, age, HF severity and pharmacological treatment.

Efectos del entrenamiento por intervalos vs entrenamiento continuo sobre capacidad aeróbica en pacientes con enfermedad de las arterias coronarias / Effects of interval training vs of interval training vs continuous training on aerobic capacity in patients with coronary artery disease

Resumen El objetivo de esta revisión fue comparar la influencia del entrenamiento por intervalos de alta intensidad (HIIT) con el entrenamiento continuo de moderada intensidad (MICT) sobre la capacidad aeróbica y otras variables relevantes en pacientes con enfermedad de las arterias coronarias (EAC). Realizamos una revisión de estudios sistemáticos y metaanálisis en PubMed hasta el 04 de junio de 2019. Se identificaron un total de 22 artículos, de los cuales 6 se seleccionaron finalmente para esta revisión. La calidad metodológica se evaluó utilizando la herramienta 'Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews 2' (AMSTAR-2). Todos los estudios analizaron los efectos del HIIT y MICT en pacientes adultos (rango edad media: 52-76 años). La calidad general de los estudios incluidos fue moderada-alta (AMSTAR-2). El HIIT presentó mayores mejorías sobre el consumo de oxígeno pico y la frecuencia cardíaca pico en comparación al MICT. Esta revisión agrega evidencia adicional que el HIIT presenta mejoras clínicamente significativas sobre la capacidad aeróbica en comparación al MICT. Son necesarios más estudios que permitan establecer conclusiones consistentes de los efectos del HIIT y MICT sobre otras variables relevantes.

Abstract The aim of this review was to compare the influence of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) with moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on aerobic capacity and other relevant variables in patients with coronary artery disease (EAC). We reviewed the systematic studies and meta-analysis in PubMed up to June 4th, 2019. A total of 22 articles were identified, of which 6 were selected for this review. The methodological quality was evaluated using the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR-2) tool. The studies selected analyzed HIIT and MICT effects in adult patients (average ages ranging between 52-76). The overall quality of the included studies was moderate-high (AMSTAR-2). HIIT showed greater improvements over peak oxygen consumption and peak heart rate compared to MICT. This review adds further evidence that HIIT presents clinically significant improvements in aerobic capacity compared to MICT. Further studies are needed to establish consistent conclusions about the effects of HIIT and MICT on other relevant variables.

Resumo O objetivo desta revisão foi comparar a influência do treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade (HIIT) com o treinamento contínuo de intensidade moderada (MICT) na capacidade aeróbica e em outras variáveis relevantes em pacientes com doença arterial coronariana (DAC). Realizamos uma revisão de estudos sistemáticos e metanálise no PubMed até 4 de junho de 2019. Foram identificados 22 artigos, dos quais 6 foram finalmente selecionados para esta revisão. A qualidade metodológica foi avaliada usando a ferramenta 'Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews 2' (AMSTAR-2). Todos os estudos analisaram os efeitos de HIIT e MICT em pacientes adultos (faixa etária: 52-76 anos). A qualidade geral dos estudos incluídos foi moderadamente alta (AMSTAR-2). O HIIT mostrou uma maior melhora no pico de consumo de oxigênio e no pico de frequência cardíaca em comparação com o MICT. Esta revisão aporta evidências de que o HIIT apresenta melhorias clinicamente significativas na capacidade aeróbica em comparação com o MICT. Mais estudos são necessários para estabelecer conclusões consistentes dos efeitos do HIIT e MICT em outras variáveis relevantes.